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It often was an uneasy job for all involved. His wife, Sally Sutherland Goldman, a UC Berkeley senior lecturer of Sanskrit, has been its associate editor. Over the years, Goldman has been its director, editor and principal translator. They were, of course, also not based on the critically reconstructed text. Older translations into European languages generally were laden with awkward “thees” and “thous,” says Goldman.
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Eventually a critical edition of the original poem Ramayana was produced in the 1960s and ‘70s by the Oriental Institute of Baroda, India, from dozens of manuscripts collected from across the Indian subcontinent. Some controversial segments were even excised from regional variants of the epic. For more than 1,000 years of the story’s telling, there were no surviving manuscripts, notes Goldman, and when the epic was written, it was copied in different scripts. The Ramayana originated from an oral tradition. In addition to translating the story, Goldman also was determined to produce an exhaustive annotation of the Ramayana for scholars of the text that serves as a foundation for Hinduism and provided core primers for Buddhist, Islamic, Jaina and other South and Southeast Asian cultures. The Valmiki Ramayana Translation Project was off and running. Shortly after joining the UC Berkeley faculty in 1971 as an assistant professor of Sanskrit, Goldman says he assembled a group of scholars, divvying up the seven books of the Ramayana among them. It seemed a worthy idea, considering that the legend, translated and transformed from Sanskrit into all Indian and Southeast Asian languages, sheds light on an ancient world and still influences Indian art, religion, politics and life today. (UC Berkeley video by Roxanne Makasdjian, Stephen McNally and Phil Ebiner)ĭuring his original reading of the Valmiki Ramayana, he wished for a more readable English translation of the nearly 3,000-year-old classic, with its 24,000 verses constituting some 50,000 lines mostly in a 32-syllable meter. Robert and Sally Goldman led the 40-year project to translate the Sanskrit epic poem Valmiki Ramayana to modern English.